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发表于 2007-3-29 19:31:01
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急性软组织挫伤的治疗原则
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">户外活动中,最常见的损伤应该是急性软组织的挫伤,一般我们都把肌肉、肌腱、韧带的扭伤、拉伤都统称为软组织挫伤。常见的大腿肌肉拉伤、踝关节扭伤等都是在此范围。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">损伤后机体的反应为:首先是无数毛细血管的破裂、出血,局部有细胞的失活。随即发生炎性反应,在组织胺、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5-</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">羟色胺等炎性因子的作用下,微血管先发生短暂的收缩,然后扩张和充血,通透性增加,血管内的水、蛋白和一些细胞从血管内渗入组织间隙。损伤性炎症在伤后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><font face="Times New Roman">24-72</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时到达高峰期,然后逐渐消退。局部表现为红、肿、热、痛,这就是创伤的炎症期。以后的增生期和塑性期不在我们讨论的范畴,在此不赘述。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据以上的病理表现,治疗就可以有针对性。所以在创伤发生后,</span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">应早期采用</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">RICE</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">常规治疗,即局部休息、冰敷、加压包扎及抬高患肢(</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">rest</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">,</span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">ice, compression, elevation</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">)</span></strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">局部制动,冷敷、加压包扎和抬高患肢都是为了降低局部的血液流通,增加组织间的压力,从而减轻炎症反应的发生,医疗包中的弹力绷带和绷带在这里就有用武之处。伤后马上进行的热敷、按摩、贴膏药等都会使局部血流加剧,增加肿胀的发生,应该是禁忌的。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">创伤的紧急处理是为了控制创伤反应以利愈合及康复。急性期后的治疗一般在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">48</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">小时(我自己在临床中的经验是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">72</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">小时更好)后酌情作理疗、按摩,服用非类固醇类消炎止痛药物。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最后还是老话,损伤要防范于未然:运动前作好准备活动,不要疲乏运动,穿一双高帮的鞋有助与踝关节的保护等等,使运动创伤的发生率降到最低才是正道。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> |
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