如何选择滑雪板、雪鞋和固定器 (转自REI，翻译了固定器安装和维护部分，欢迎讨论和指教)

panluo

很全很与时俱进的介绍，有图有视频，我就只贴链接了。关于固定器的安装和维护中文资料很少，我试着翻译了这部分，比较生硬，大家将就看，欢迎讨论和指教

How to Choose Downhill Skis (Alpine, Randoneé, Telemark)
http://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/downhill-skis.html

How to Choose Downhill Ski Boots
http://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/alpine-ski-boots.html

How to Choose Downhill Ski Bindings
http://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/alpine-ski-bindings.html


Mounting and Setting

Mounting

The position where the binding is mounted on the ski affects performance. Most ski manufacturers recommend a mounting position, and a qualified ski shop such as REI will mount them as suggested. The farther back the binding is mounted, the stiffer and less "turny" the ski feels. Because women's center of gravity is farther back than men's, their bindings are often mounted slightly forward of center. This allows for less fatigue and better control when skiing. Park and pipers also tend to prefer a forward mount.
固定器安装到雪板上的位置影响到雪板的整体表现。绝大多数雪具厂家针对自己的产品都有推荐的安装位置，合格的雪具店，例如REI，将遵照厂家的建议进行安装。固定器安装得越靠后，雪板越不容易弯曲（不易转弯）。因为女性的重心比男性靠后（注：而且比男性低。为什么，难道是女性臀部更大更后凸？），所以她们的固定器通常安装得要比雪板中心稍微靠前一点（疑问：雪板的中心在哪里，怎么找？这句话的意思是女性的固定器安装到雪板中心稍靠前，还是说相对男性的固定器要稍微靠前点？）。这种安装能减小疲劳，有利于身体对雪板的控制。公园板通常也偏向于把固定器安装得靠前一点。

Shop technicians either attach bindings to a premounted track integrated into the ski by the manufacturer, or they drill holes in your skis to screw in the bindings. Each time a set of holes is drilled, the ski is weakened slightly. Different manufacturers use different drill hole patterns, so buying the same brand of bindings to remount on an old pair of skis can help avoid extra holes.
雪具店的专业人员会将固定器安装到雪板的滑轨上，或者在雪板上钻孔用螺丝来固定固定器。每钻一次孔，实际上会对雪板造成一定的损害。各雪具厂家的孔眼可能不同，因此，购买与雪板同一个牌子的固定器可以减少不必要的钻孔。

Setting

After purchase, your bindings should have their release settings set and tested by a certified technician. As noted earlier, this setting is based on your height, weight, age, skier type and ski-boot-sole length. The technician will have you fill out a form to answer these questions. Have this done at the beginning of each season or every 20 days of skiing. Important: We cannot guarantee release in all conditions and circumstances.
在购买后，你的固定器应该设定与你的身高、体重、年龄、滑雪类型和水平、雪鞋长度相匹配的脱离条件，并且由专业人员测试。这项设定和测试工作应该在在每个雪季开始前或者每使用20天后做一次。

Use and Care of Bindings

Tips on Use

Stand on a level patch of snow. If you're on a slope, stand sideways to the fall line and put your downhill ski on first for balance.
Use your ski pole to tap excess snow off of your boot soles.
Align the boot toe with the toe piece and the boot heel with the heel piece and step down into the binding until it clicks in.
To get out, push your ski pole down on the indentation on top of the heel piece until it springs open and lift your foot up and out.

使用小窍门：
· 如果你在雪坡上穿滑雪板，雪板应与滚落线垂直，并先穿山下板
· 用雪杖轻轻敲掉雪鞋底部的残雪后，再踩上雪板
· 雪鞋的脚趾部对准前固定器卡口，雪鞋的后跟部踏在后固定器卡口上，踩下去，直到听到咔嚓一声
· 脱卸固定器时，用雪仗戳压后固定器上的缺口，直到鞋被弹起

Tips on Maintenance

Have your skis tuned and bindings inspected by a ski technician before each ski season. Bindings can't be tuned and are maintenance free. They can only be adjusted for release settings and inspected/tested.
Keep the AFD (anti-friction device) clean and replace it immediately if it gets damaged.
Do not attempt to wash out your bindings at the end of the season, as this can remove the factory lube. Only a certified technician should work on bindings.
Store your skis in a warm, dry place in the off-season.

维护小窍门：
· 固定器不能随意调节和检查，每个雪季开始之前，应找专业人员来完成
· 保持AFD(anti-friction device，滑片--减小摩擦的装置)清洁，一旦损坏马上替换
· 不要清洗固定器，这可能除掉了工厂抹在上边的润滑油
· 存放雪具在暖和干燥处

关于AFD，补充板蓝根@老绿野的一段介绍：
这个东西非常重要。主要作用是尽量减小靴底与脱落器的摩擦力！严格说，是使得靴子与脱落器的横向摩擦力只取决于AFD。从而使前脱落器的横向脱落只决定于人（连带靴子）对板子的横向力量的大小。大过DIN设置的阀值，就认为人已将摔倒，应该脱落。所以，一定要保证AFD的润滑，才能保证前脱落器在设置的DIN值中正常发挥作用。这也就是为什么我们的滑雪靴，鞋底一定是光滑塑料底，尤其前脚掌部位。保证摩擦系数的稳定。

jck

一般雪板的中心就是物理上的中心（从雪板两头接地处算起），固定器在中心后面，雪板不容易压弯，也就不容易转弯，同时就是不容易减速。所以想慢点滑（女人大多滑的比男人慢：D）、花样滑，就要把固定器往前安装一点。

话说那个AFD就是一塑料块，我见过有被自己另一只板子砸破掉的，在国内这条件下只能换整个固定器，吐血啊。