MAYO CLINIC的急救指南（新增昆虫叮咬、蜇伤处理）

小光- · 发表于 2007-3-21 12:03:39

Black eye: First aid（眼部淤青） 
 
The so-called black eye is caused by bleeding beneath the skin around the eye. Sometimes a black eye indicates a more extensive injury, even a skull fracture, particularly if the area around both eyes is bruised or if there has been a head injury. Although most black-eye injuries aren't serious, bleeding within the eye, called a hyphema, is serious and can reduce vision and damage the cornea. In some cases, abnormally high pressure inside the eyeball (glaucoma) also can result. 
 
所谓眼部淤青是由于眼睛周围的皮下出血而引起的。有时眼部淤青表明更大的伤害，甚至是头骨破裂，特别是如果双眼周围都有淤青或者发生过头部受伤的情况。尽管大部分眼部淤青并不严重，但眼球内出血，即眼前房出血，是非常严重的，能引起视力下降和角膜损伤。在一些病例中，可以引起眼内压异常升高（青光眼）。 
 
To take care of a black eye: 
 Using gentle pressure, apply a cold pack or a cloth filled with ice to the area around the eye. Take care not to press on the eye itself. Apply cold as soon as possible after the injury to reduce swelling, and continue using ice or cold packs for 24 to 48 hours. 
 Be sure there's no blood in the white and colored parts of the eye. 
Seek medical care immediately if you experience vision problems (double vision, blurring), severe pain, or bleeding in the eye or from the nose. 
 
如何处理眼部淤青： 
 
用冰袋或者一块包着冰的布轻轻按在眼部周围。当心不要压到眼球。在受伤后尽快使用冰镇以减少肿胀，而且持续地使用冰或冰袋达24到48小时。 
 
确定眼睛的眼白和有色的部位没有出血。 
 
如果你视力出现问题（重影，模糊），剧烈疼痛，或者眼睛或鼻子流血的话，立即寻求医疗救治。

雨人花 · 发表于 2007-3-21 13:18:09

阿今 · 发表于 2007-3-21 14:51:01

Blisters: First aid（水泡治疗和买鞋小贴士）

Common causes of blisters include friction and burns. If the blister isn't too painful, do everything possible to keep it intact. Unbroken skin over a blister provides a natural barrier to bacteria and decreases the risk of infection. Cover a small blister with an adhesive bandage, and cover a large one with a porous, plastic-coated gauze pad that absorbs moisture and allows the wound to breathe.
Don't puncture a blister unless it's painful or prevents you from walking or using one of your hands. If you have diabetes or poor circulation, call your doctor before considering the self-care measures below.

通常产生水泡的原因包括磨擦和灼伤。如果水泡不是很疼，尽可能保持它的完整。水泡上未破损的皮肤能够为阻挡细菌提供一道天然屏障，降低感染的风险。较小的水泡可用一块胶布（是不是类似止血贴？）盖住。而较大的水泡要用一张多孔透水的、有塑料涂层的纱布盖住，这样能吸去湿气，让伤口保持透气性。

不要刺破水泡，除非它很疼，或者妨碍你走路或动手。如果你有糖尿病或循环不畅，在考虑如下自己处理方式之前先打电话给你的医生。

To relieve blister-related pain, drain the fluid while leaving the overlying skin intact. Here's how:
 Wash your hands and the blister with soap and warm water.
 Swab the blister with iodine or rubbing alcohol.
 Sterilize a clean, sharp needle by wiping it with rubbing alcohol.
 Use the needle to puncture the blister. Aim for several spots near the blister's edge. Let the fluid drain, but leave the overlying skin in place.
 Apply an antibiotic ointment to the blister and cover with a bandage or gauze pad.
 After several days, use tweezers and scissors sterilized with rubbing alcohol to cut away all the dead skin. Apply more ointment and a bandage.
Call your doctor if you see signs of infection around a blister ― pus, redness, increasing pain or warm skin.
To prevent a blister, use gloves, socks, a bandage or similar protective covering over the area being rubbed. Special athletic socks are available that have extra padding in critical areas. You might also try attaching moleskin to the inside of your shoe where it might rub, such as at the heel.

为减轻水泡的疼痛,排出水泡里的液体并保持上面皮肤的完整，可以采取如下步骤：

将双手和水泡用肥皂和温水洗净；
将碘酒或外用酒精涂在水泡上；
用外用酒精将一根干净、尖锐的针反复擦拭，进行消毒；
用（消毒后的）针刺破水泡。在水泡边缘的附近选几个点，让水泡内的液体流出，但让上面的皮肤保持原位。
在水泡上涂抗生素药膏，然后用绷带或纱布覆盖。
几天后，用已用酒精消毒的镊子和剪刀剪去死皮，再敷以药膏和绷带。

如果你发现水泡周围有感染的迹象――如化胧、发红、疼痛加剧或皮肤升温（？），打电话给你的医生。

为了预防水泡，在易被磨擦的地方戴手套、穿袜子、使用绷带或类似其它的防护层。可以穿特制的运动袜，它会在临界区域有额外的填充物。你也可以尝试在鞋子容易磨擦的部位（如鞋后跟）垫上厚绒布。

Shoe-shopping tips（买鞋小贴士）

Remember the following when you shop for shoes:
 Shop during the middle of the day. Your feet swell throughout the day, so a midday fitting will probably give you the best fit.
 Wear the same socks you'll wear when walking, or bring them with you to the store.
 Measure your feet. Shoe sizes change throughout adulthood.
 Measure both feet and try on both shoes. If your feet differ in size, buy the larger size.
 Go for flexible but supportive shoes with cushioned insoles.
 Be sure that you can comfortably wiggle your toes.
 Avoid shoes with seams in the toe box, which may irritate bunions or hammertoes.

买鞋时请谨记：

在中午买。脚的大小在全天都会有些变化，所以正午时的尺寸可能是最合适的。

试鞋时，穿着你在行走时穿的同样的袜子，或者把袜子带到鞋店里去。

测量你的脚。鞋子尺寸的变化会贯穿整个成人期。

两只脚都要测量，两只鞋都要试。如果你两只脚尺寸不一样，拣大的尺寸买。

去找柔韧但有支撑的，可以用鞋垫来调节的鞋子。

确定你的脚趾可以舒服地活动。

避免鞋子在脚趾部位有接缝，这会导致姆囊炎（大趾内侧的肿炎）和畸型的槌状趾。

阿今 · 发表于 2007-3-21 17:54:32

Although most black-eye injuries aren't serious, bleeding within the eye, called a hyphema, is serious and can reduce vision and damage the cornea. In some cases, abnormally high pressure inside the eyeball (glaucoma) also can result.

result 既有结果又有导致的意思，想了一下，觉得它在这还是“导致”的意思通畅一点。

即：“尽管大部分眼部淤青并不严重，但眼球内出血，即眼前房出血，是非常严重的，能引起视力下降和角膜损伤。在一些病例中，眼内压异常升高（青光眼）也能导致（视力下降和角膜损伤）。”

大家继续讨论。

小光- · 发表于 2007-3-21 18:57:13

从语法层面：
result是不及物动词，如果表达结果，须...can result in that.
在：a如何如何，B do result的句型里，是以B为结果的含义，可查查语法，字典方面。
从文章层面：
淤青的原因方面，已在段首讲完，这块是讨论引起的危害方面的问题。
 
否则，就是指代不清了，青光眼可以引起什么？眼部淤青，还是角膜损伤？

小光- · 发表于 2007-3-21 19:26:25

Blisters: First aid（水泡治疗和买鞋小贴士） 
 
Common causes of blisters include friction and burns. If the blister isn't too painful, do everything possible to keep it intact. Unbroken skin over a blister provides a natural barrier to bacteria and decreases the risk of infection. Cover a small blister with an adhesive bandage, and cover a large one with a porous, plastic-coated gauze pad that absorbs moisture and allows the wound to breathe. 
Don't puncture a blister unless it's painful or prevents you from walking or using one of your hands. If you have diabetes or poor circulation, call your doctor before considering the self-care measures below. 
 
通常产生水泡的原因包括磨擦和灼伤。如果水泡不是很疼，尽可能保持它的完整。水泡上未破损的皮肤能够为阻挡细菌提供一道天然屏障，降低感染的风险。较小的水泡可用创可贴（或类似物）盖住。而较大的水泡要用一张多孔透水的、有塑料涂层的纱布垫盖住，这样能吸去湿气，让伤口保持透气性。 
 
不要刺破水泡，除非它很疼，或者妨碍你走路或动手。如果你有糖尿病或循环不畅，在考虑如下自己处理方式之前先打电话给你的医生。 
 
To relieve blister-related pain, drain the fluid while leaving the overlying skin intact. Here's how: 
 Wash your hands and the blister with soap and warm water. 
 Swab the blister with iodine or rubbing alcohol. 
 Sterilize a clean, sharp needle by wiping it with rubbing alcohol. 
 Use the needle to puncture the blister. Aim for several spots near the blister's edge. Let the fluid drain, but leave the overlying skin in place. 
 Apply an antibiotic ointment to the blister and cover with a bandage or gauze pad. 
 After several days, use tweezers and scissors sterilized with rubbing alcohol to cut away all the dead skin. Apply more ointment and a bandage. 
Call your doctor if you see signs of infection around a blister — pus, redness, increasing pain or warm skin. 
To prevent a blister, use gloves, socks, a bandage or similar protective covering over the area being rubbed. Special athletic socks are available that have extra padding in critical areas. You might also try attaching moleskin to the inside of your shoe where it might rub, such as at the heel. 
 
为减轻水泡的疼痛,排出水泡里的液体并保持上面皮肤的完整，可以采取如下步骤： 
 
将双手和水泡用肥皂和温水洗净； 
将碘酒或外用酒精（最好是医用酒精）涂在水泡上； 
用外用酒精将一根干净、尖锐的针反复擦拭，进行消毒；将一根干净、尖锐的针沾入医用酒精进行消毒；前边那样也可以，但反复擦拭可引起已消毒部分的再次感染。 
用（消毒后的）针刺破水泡。在水泡边缘的附近选几个点，让水泡内的液体流出，但让上面的皮肤保持原位。 
在水泡上涂抗生素药膏，然后用创可贴或纱布垫覆盖。 
几天后，用已用酒精消毒的镊子和剪刀剪去死皮，再敷以药膏和绷带。 
 
如果你发现水泡周围有感染的迹象——如化胧、发红、疼痛加剧或皮肤发热，打电话给你的医生。注：红肿热痛是表皮感染常见症状。 
 
为了预防水泡，在易被磨擦的地方戴手套、穿袜子、使用绷带（创可贴）或类似其它的防护层。可以穿特制的运动袜，它会在重要的部位增加防护垫。你也可以尝试在鞋子容易磨擦的部位（如鞋后跟）垫上厚绒布。 
 
Shoe-shopping tips（买鞋小贴士） 
 
Remember the following when you shop for shoes: 
 Shop during the middle of the day. Your feet swell throughout the day, so a midday fitting will probably give you the best fit. 
 Wear the same socks you'll wear when walking, or bring them with you to the store. 
 Measure your feet. Shoe sizes change throughout adulthood. 
 Measure both feet and try on both shoes. If your feet differ in size, buy the larger size. 
 Go for flexible but supportive shoes with cushioned insoles. 
 Be sure that you can comfortably wiggle your toes. 
 Avoid shoes with seams in the toe box, which may irritate bunions or hammertoes. 
 
买鞋时请谨记： 
 
在中午买。脚的大小在全天都会有些变化，所以正午时的尺寸可能是最合适的。 
 
试鞋时，穿着你在行走时穿的同样的袜子，或者把袜子带到鞋店里去。 
 
测量你的脚。鞋子尺寸的变化会贯穿整个成人期。 
 
两只脚都要测量，两只鞋都要试。如果你两只脚尺寸不一样，拣大的尺寸买。 
 
去找柔韧但有支撑的，可以用鞋垫来调节的鞋子。 
 
确定你的脚趾可以舒服地活动。 
 
避免鞋子在脚趾部位有接缝，这会导致姆囊炎（大趾内侧的肿炎）和畸型的槌状趾。

喵喵 · 发表于 2007-3-21 22:09:36

小光- · 发表于 2007-3-22 01:50:55

<div class="comText">Blisters: First aid（水泡治疗和买鞋小贴士） 
 
 
 
Common causes of blisters include friction and burns. If the blister isn't too painful, do everything possible to keep it intact. Unbroken skin over a blister provides a natural barrier to bacteria and decreases the risk of infection. Cover a small blister with an adhesive bandage, and cover a large one with a porous, plastic-coated gauze pad that absorbs moisture and allows the wound to breathe. 
 
Don't puncture a blister unless it's painful or prevents you from walking or using one of your hands. If you have diabetes or poor circulation, call your doctor before considering the self-care measures below. 
 
 
 
通常产生水泡的原因包括磨擦和灼伤。如果水泡不是很疼，尽可能保持它的完整。水泡上未破损的皮肤能够为阻挡细菌提供一道天然屏障，降低感染的风险。较小的水泡可用创可贴（或类似物）(可理解为创可贴，直译为黏性绷带)盖住。而较大的水泡要用一张多孔透水的、有塑料涂层的纱布垫盖住，这样能吸去湿气，让伤口保持透气性。 
 
 
 
不要刺破水泡，除非它很疼，或者妨碍你走路或动手。如果你有糖尿病或循环不畅，在考虑如下自己处理方式之前先打电话给你的医生。 
 
 
 
To relieve blister-related pain, drain the fluid while leaving the overlying skin intact. Here's how: 
 
 Wash your hands and the blister with soap and warm water. 
 
 Swab the blister with iodine or rubbing alcohol. 
 
 Sterilize a clean, sharp needle by wiping it with rubbing alcohol. 
 
 Use the needle to puncture the blister. Aim for several spots near the blister's edge. Let the fluid drain, but leave the overlying skin in place. 
 
 Apply an antibiotic ointment to the blister and cover with a bandage or gauze pad. 
 
 After several days, use tweezers and scissors sterilized with rubbing alcohol to cut away all the dead skin. Apply more ointment and a bandage. 
 
Call your doctor if you see signs of infection around a blister — pus, redness, increasing pain or warm skin. 
 
To prevent a blister, use gloves, socks, a bandage or similar protective covering over the area being rubbed. Special athletic socks are available that have extra padding in critical areas. You might also try attaching moleskin to the inside of your shoe where it might rub, such as at the heel. 
 
 
 
为减轻水泡的疼痛,排出水泡里的液体并保持上面皮肤的完整，可以采取如下步骤： 
 
 
 
将双手和水泡用肥皂和温水洗净； 
 
将碘酒或外用酒精（最好是医用酒精）涂在水泡上； 
 
用外用酒精将一根干净、尖锐的针擦拭，进行消毒；擦拭时要注意从一个方向向另一个方向擦，不要来回擦，这样可引起已消毒部分的再次感染。 
 
用（消毒后的）针刺破水泡。在水泡边缘的附近选几个点，让水泡内的液体流出，但让上面的皮肤保持原位。 
 
在水泡上涂抗生素药膏，然后用创可贴或纱布垫覆盖。 
 
几天后，用已用酒精消毒的镊子和剪刀剪去死皮，再敷以药膏和绷带。 
 
 
 
如果你发现水泡周围有感染的迹象——如化胧、发红、疼痛加剧或皮肤发热，打电话给你的医生。注：红肿热痛是皮肤感染常见症状。皮肤发热就是触摸皮肤有温度升高的感觉。 
 
 
 
为了预防水泡，在易被磨擦的地方戴手套、穿袜子、使用绷带（创可贴）或类似的防护层。可以穿特制的运动袜，它会在重要的部位增加防护垫。你也可以尝试在鞋子容易磨擦的部位（如鞋后跟）垫上厚绒布。 
 
 
 
Shoe-shopping tips（买鞋小贴士） 
 
 
 
Remember the following when you shop for shoes: 
 
 Shop during the middle of the day. Your feet swell throughout the day, so a midday fitting will probably give you the best fit. 
 
 Wear the same socks you'll wear when walking, or bring them with you to the store. 
 
 Measure your feet. Shoe sizes change throughout adulthood. 
 
 Measure both feet and try on both shoes. If your feet differ in size, buy the larger size. 
 
 Go for flexible but supportive shoes with cushioned insoles. 
 
 Be sure that you can comfortably wiggle your toes. 
 
 Avoid shoes with seams in the toe box, which may irritate bunions or hammertoes. 
 
 
 
买鞋时请谨记： 
 
 
 
在中午买。脚的大小在全天都会有些变化，所以正午时的尺寸可能是最合适的。 
 
 
 
试鞋时，穿着你在行走时穿的同样的袜子，或者把袜子带到鞋店里去。 
 
 
 
测量你的脚。鞋子尺寸的变化会贯穿整个成人期。 
 
 
 
两只脚都要测量，两只鞋都要试。如果你两只脚尺寸不一样，拣大的尺寸买。 
 
 
 
去找柔韧但有支撑的，可以用鞋垫来调节的鞋子。 
 
 
 
确定你的脚趾可以舒服地活动。 
 
 
 
避免鞋子在脚趾部位有接缝，这会导致姆囊炎（大趾内侧的肿炎）和畸型的槌状趾。 
</div>

阿今 · 发表于 2007-3-22 14:51:11

Bruise: First aid（淤伤处理）

A bruise forms when a blow breaks small blood vessels near your skin's surface, allowing a small amount of blood to leak out into the tissues under your skin. The trapped blood appears as a black-and-blue mark. Sometimes, there also are tiny red dots or red splotches.

当你皮下细小的血管被突然弄破,少量的血漏到你的皮下组织,淤伤就形成了。滞留的血看上去象一个青色的标志。有时也会有小红点或红斑。

If your skin isn't broken, you don't need a bandage. You can, however, enhance healing with these simple techniques:
 Elevate the injured area.
 Apply ice or a cold pack for 30 to 60 minutes at a time for a day or two after the injury.
 Consider acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) for pain relief.

如果你的皮肤没有破损，就不需要用绷带。但你可以采用如下方法处理：

举高受伤部位。
在受伤后一两天内敷上冰或者冰袋，每次持续30-60分钟。
可以考虑服用醋氨酚（acetaminophen 俗名：百服宁？）(例如：泰诺止痛片Tylenol, 或其它药物)来镇痛。

See your doctor if:
 You have unusually large or painful bruises ― particularly if your bruises seem to develop for no known reasons.
 You bruise easily and you're experiencing abnormal bleeding elsewhere, such as from your nose or gums, or you notice blood in your eyes, your stool or your urine.
 You have no history of bruising, but suddenly experience bruises.
These signs and symptoms may indicate a more serious problem, such as a blood-clotting problem or blood-related disease. Bruises accompanied by persistent pain or headache also may indicate a more serious underlying illness and require medical attention.

如果出现以下症状要去看医生：

你经常出现较大面积或疼痛的淤伤――尤其是你的淤伤看起来毫无原因就产生了。
你的淤伤很容易产生，而且你身体的其它部位有不正常的出血，如流鼻血，牙龈出血，或者你注意到你的眼睛、大便或尿里带血。
你并没有淤伤病史，但突然患上淤伤。

小光- · 发表于 2007-3-22 18:19:41

Bruise: First aid（淤伤处理） 
 
A bruise forms when a blow breaks small blood vessels near your skin's surface, allowing a small amount of blood to leak out into the tissues under your skin. The trapped blood appears as a black-and-blue mark. Sometimes, there also are tiny red dots or red splotches. 
 
当你表皮下细小的血管因受重击而破裂,少量的血漏到你的皮下组织,淤伤就形成了。滞留的血看上去象一个青色的标志。有时也会有小红点或红斑。 
 
If your skin isn't broken, you don't need a bandage. You can, however, enhance healing with these simple techniques: 
 Elevate the injured area. 
 Apply ice or a cold pack for 30 to 60 minutes at a time for a day or two after the injury. 
 Consider acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) for pain relief. 
 
如果你的皮肤没有破损，就不需要用绷带。但你可以采用如下方法处理，以加快伤愈： 
 
举高受伤部位。 
在受伤后一两天内敷上冰或者冰袋，每次持续30-60分钟。 
可以考虑服用对乙氨基酚（更常用）（acetaminophen 为化学名，商品名：必理通;醋氨酚;扑热息痛;泰诺止痛片;退热净;雅司达 ,泰诺林,泰诺,对乙酰氨基酚,斯耐普,一粒清百服宁，泰诺止痛片等，或其它药物)来镇痛。 
 
See your doctor if: 
 You have unusually large or painful bruises — particularly if your bruises seem to develop for no known reasons. 
 You bruise easily and you're experiencing abnormal bleeding elsewhere, such as from your nose or gums, or you notice blood in your eyes, your stool or your urine. 
 You have no history of bruising, but suddenly experience bruises. 
These signs and symptoms may indicate a more serious problem, such as a blood-clotting problem or blood-related disease. Bruises accompanied by persistent pain or headache also may indicate a more serious underlying illness and require medical attention. 
 
如果出现以下症状要去看医生： 
 
你经常出现较大面积或疼痛较剧的淤伤——尤其是你的淤伤看起来毫无原因就产生了。 
你的淤伤很容易产生，而且你身体的其它部位有不正常的出血，如流鼻血，牙龈出血，或者你注意到你的眼睛、大便或尿里带血。 
你并没有淤伤病史，但突然患上淤伤。 
这些症状和体征可能表明严重得多的问题，比如凝血方面的问题或血液相关疾病。瘀伤伴随持续的疼痛或头痛也可能表明非常严重的基础疾病，需要进行医治。

MAYO CLINIC的急救指南（新增昆虫叮咬、蜇伤处理）

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支持，感谢！

Blisters: First aid（水泡治疗和买鞋小贴士）

个人感觉“青光眼”在这是一种致损原因，而不是结果，大家继续讨论。

关于result

proofread

不错支持! 加油!

proofread

Bruise: First aid（淤伤处理）

proofread

MAYO CLINIC的急救指南（新增昆虫叮咬、蜇伤处理）

proofread

支持，感谢！

Blisters: First aid（水泡治疗和买鞋小贴士）

个人感觉“青光眼”在这是一种致损原因，而不是结果，大家继续讨论。

关于result

proofread

不错 支持! 加油!

proofread

Bruise: First aid（淤伤处理）

proofread

不错支持! 加油!